Identifying APOE4 homozygosity as a key genetic cause of Alzheimer's disease reveals that individuals with two copies of the APOE4 gene variant have a significantly higher risk of developing the condition. This discovery challenges the previous belief that Alzheimer's arose from various factors, with APOE4 homozygosity being able to directly cause the disease in up to 20% of patients. This breakthrough opens avenues for specialized research, clinical trials, and potential gene therapy treatments. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that APOE4 homozygosity is not the sole genetic factor in Alzheimer's, with rare mutations in other genes like APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 contributing to early onset Alzheimer's. Recent studies have also uncovered new genetic risk variants, especially in African populations.

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