The Complexities of Dairy: Exploring the Benefits and Risks

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Dairy is a complex food group with both positive and negative effects. It contains beneficial essential nutrients, but also has potential harmful effects if consumed in high amounts. Dairy falls in the middle of the spectrum between healthful and unhealthy food. For overall mortality, processed red meat is the worst, followed by eggs and unprocessed red meat, with dairy in the middle. However, substituting dairy with healthy plant foods is associated with lower mortality. Dairy is found to be neutral for diabetes, with some studies suggesting less weight gain, particularly from yogurt. In terms of the fat content, high or low fat versions of dairy products do not make a significant difference for most outcomes. Low-fat options should be cautious of added sugars. Dairy fat itself is not an optimal fat, with plant oils being better for cardiovascular disease and total mortality. A study comparing dairy fat from milk and cheese found a slightly less adverse effect on LDL cholesterol from cheese compared to milk, but high monounsaturated and high polyunsaturated plant oils had significantly lower LDL cholesterol levels.

Episode #266. Learn the key pillars for a healthy diet from the world’s most cited nutrition scientist, Dr Walter Willett. In this two-hour exchange, Dr Willett shares the cornerstones of a healthy diet, providing the practical guidance you need to live a long, healthy life.

We discuss:

Introduction (00:00)
Which Foods Should You Eat to Stay Healthy? (04:10)
Does the Quality of Foods Matter? (06:39)
The Impact of the Average American Diet on Health (08:29)
Do We Have Sufficient Evidence on How Nutrition Impacts Our Health? (11:05)
Key Tasks/Leaves to Make Healthy Choices (14:03)
How Diet Patterns Have Changed from the 70s till Now (15:09)
Walter Willet: A Nutrition Story (18:20)
Ancel Keys' Research on Fat (19:40)
Three Large Observation Studies by Walter Willet and His Team (27:19)
Advantages of Large Observation Studies over Randomized Control Trials (32:45)
Correlation and Causation in Nutrition (39:15)
Food Frequency Questionnaire: Importance of Methods for Measuring Dietary Intake (50:58)
Biochemical Analysis in Three Cohort Observations of Walter Willet's Studies (55:18)
Are Low-Fat Diets Good for Cardiovascular Health? (1:00:37)
Polyunsaturated Fats and Cardiovascular Disease (1:02:21)
Benefits of Switching from Saturated Fat to Unsaturated Fats (1:08:31)
Is Dairy Bad or Good? (1:09:04)
Should You Consume Full-Fat or Low-Fat Dairy? (1:11:29)
Daily Recommendation for Dairy Consumption (1:16:03)
Can You Be Healthy Without Consuming Dairy? (1:20:42)
Confusion Surrounding Unprocessed Red Meat (1:23:00)
What is Substitution Analysis? (1:25:55)
Insights into the Research Process (1:27:45)
Contrast and Exposure in Research (1:29:33)
Safe Intake of Red Meat (1:33:02)
Is Grass-Fed Beef Good for Me? (1:33:51)
Is White Meat Better Than Red Meat? (1:35:57)
Fish vs. Legumes: A Comparison (1:36:37)
Dietary Cholesterol and Its Impact on Human Health (1:40:08)
The Best Diet for a Healthy Life (1:43:28)
Outro (1:52:01)

To learn more about Dr Walter Willett and read his studies, head to his Harvard Academic Profile. Dr Willett has also published four books; you can find his bestseller, Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating here.

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Enjoy, friends.

Simon

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Simon Hill, MSc, BSc (Hons)

Creator of theproof.com and host of The Proof with Simon Hill

Author of The Proof is in the Plants

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