Addiction is a severe form of psychopathology characterized by the continued compulsive use of a substance or behavior, despite harm to oneself or others. The clinical diagnosis is based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which includes 11 criteria. The criteria can be summarized as the 'four Cs': control, compulsions, cravings, and consequences. Quantity and frequency are not included in the DSM criteria because they wanted a unifying diagnosis for all forms of addiction. However, using more of a drug and using it more often increases the likelihood of addiction. The diagnosis is based on complex behaviors that lead to significant consequences and the inability to stop despite these consequences. The colloquial use of the term addiction is often used to describe minor addictions that many people experience but do not necessarily consider themselves as struggling with a psychological disorder.
Are you scrolling on your phone constantly? How badly do you crave that morning cup of coffee? Are you compulsively gambling, drinking, shopping, or even reading romance novels just to fall asleep? The potential for addiction is everywhere in our society, and on this episode of The Knowledge Project psychiatrist and author Dr. Anna Lembke discusses dopamine, addictive behaviors, warning signs and treatment for addiction, and how our brains handle all that pleasure and pain in life.
Dr. Lembke is professor of psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine and chief of the Stanford Addiction Medicine Dual Diagnosis Clinic. She appeared in the 2020 Netflix documentary The Social Dilemma to discuss the addictive nature of social media, and she is the author of the 2021 New York Times bestseller Dopamine Nation: Finding Balance in the Age of Indulgence, which explores how to moderate compulsive overconsumption in a dopamine-overloaded world.
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