A study conducted in 2015 explored the hypothesis that if individuals are forced to argue against their own beliefs, it makes them feel dirty and, as a result, they find cleaning products more appealing. The study involved participants writing essays either supporting or opposing a topic called the Q Guide. After the essays, participants were shown cleansing products and asked to rate their appeal. Surprisingly, the results supported the hypothesis with strong statistical significance. However, upon further investigation, it was discovered that there were 20 suspicious entries where participants answered 'Harvard' as their response to the question about their year in school. These entries appeared close together in the dataset and seemed fabricated. When these suspicious entries were removed, the supposed result disappeared, indicating that the paper had been manipulated. This is not the only paper by Francesco Gino with disputed results, as there are two more that will be discussed later.