Zsolt Darvas, a senior fellow at Bruegel specializing in public debt, and Jennifer D. Sciubba, President of the Population Reference Bureau, tackle the pressing issue of demographic changes and their impact on public finances. They discuss how an aging population is straining pension and healthcare budgets, requiring urgent policy adjustments. The conversation includes challenges in standardizing retirement ages across Europe and strategies from countries like Japan and South Korea to adapt to an older workforce, highlighting the need for innovative solutions.