Hussein Aboubakr Mansour, an Egyptian-American writer, discusses his essay on the Arab mindset and its link to jihadism rooted in European philosophy. Ze’ev Maghen, a professor focused on Islamic history, and Bernard Haykel, a political Islam expert, join the conversation. They delve into the complex historical and political landscape of the Middle East, the impact of colonialism on ideology, and the struggles of Arab intellectuals. The dialogue also covers the evolving nature of Islamism, authenticity in religious thought, and the effects of modernity on traditional beliefs.