Valerie Trouet, a tree-ring expert from the University of Arizona, reveals how centuries of jet stream patterns have shaped extreme weather in Europe, driving agricultural outcomes and public health crises. Andy Tomkins from Monash University discusses a fascinating theory about a dust ring encircling Earth 460 million years ago, potentially cooling the planet after an asteroid encounter. The podcast also touches on neuroendocrine cells and airway protection, illustrating the intersection of ancient climate events and contemporary science.