In this engaging discussion, Valerie Ramey, Professor Emerita of Economics at UC San Diego and Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institute, revisits the role of Keynesian fiscal stimulus during economic crises. She explores how governmental spending has evolved, particularly during the Global Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Ramey analyzes the effectiveness of fiscal policies like tax rebates, infrastructure spending, and transfers, while challenging traditional views on their impact on consumption and debt, prompting a reconsideration of modern economic strategies.