Prof. Toby Kiers, an evolutionary biology professor, discusses the evolution of symbiotic trade and the Society for the Protection of Underground Networks. Topics include fungal networks, mutualism without altruism, biological market theory, and understanding the stock market through fungal market economies.

In this enlightening discussion, guests include Joe Roman, a conservation biologist researching whale nutrient cycles, and Toby Kiers, an evolutionary biologist studying underground fungal networks. Christine Dudgeon sheds light on groundbreaking shark sperm collection, while Elise Zipkin explores butterfly population decline and conservation strategies. Dori Blakely shares insights from the James Webb Space Telescope on planetary formation. Together, they unravel the intricate connections in ecosystems and the innovative solutions to protect them.

Join evolutionary biologist Toby Kiers, known for her insights on mycorrhizal fungi, and Merlin Sheldrake, author of "Entangled Life," as they delve into the fascinating underground world of fungi. Discover how these secretive organisms form complex networks that sustain ecosystems through intricate nutrient exchanges. They discuss fungi's problem-solving abilities and decision-making processes, highlighting their intelligence and vital roles in nature. The conversation encourages a deeper appreciation for the hidden life beneath our feet and the urgent need for its conservation.