Tim Gould, the chief energy economist at the International Energy Agency, sheds light on the hidden costs of the clean energy transition. As demand for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt, and copper surges, he discusses the potential environmental and social impacts, particularly in developing countries. The conversation dives into the role of U.S. policy in mitigating mining damage and explores how to balance resource extraction with sustainability. Gould emphasizes the urgent need for innovative approaches to secure a cleaner energy future.