Rutger van der Schrier, M.D., Ph.D., a postdoctoral scholar at Leiden University, and Steven L. Shafer, M.D., a professor emeritus of anesthesiology, dive into fentanyl's impact on ventilation. They discuss how fentanyl's ventilatory depression is complicated by individual variability and environmental factors, revealing surprising insights from their study on healthy volunteers. The conversation explores ethical concerns, opioid receptor complexities, and innovative modeling techniques to predict respiratory effects. A must-listen for anyone interested in opioid pharmacology!