Gabriel Walker, a climate scientist and author, dives into the transformative history of Earth’s atmosphere, discussing how air shapes life. Sam Keane, a renowned science writer, adds depth by exploring the stages of atmospheric evolution and the rare occurrence of oxygen. The conversation highlights the dramatic impacts of human activity on air quality and climate, from greenhouse gas effects to past mass extinctions. They consider future adaptations, from carbon removal strategies to innovative geoengineering solutions, revealing a pressing need to rethink our relationship with air.