Dr. Atul Gawande, a surgeon and former head of global health at USAID, and Dr. Salim Abdool Karim, an epidemiologist and director at the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, delve into the fallout from the U.S. dismantling USAID. They discuss the devastating effects of funding cuts on vital health initiatives battling diseases like HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis. The conversation highlights the ethical dilemmas faced by clinical trial participants and the geopolitical ramifications of U.S. withdrawal from global health leadership, especially as rivals like China rise.