In this discussion, Sabrina Howell, a Professor of Finance at NYU Stern, dives into the world of financing innovation. She explores equity versus debt financing, illuminating the life cycle of how inventions secure funding. Gender dynamics in venture capital and minority access to funding are hot topics, shedding light on disparities in entrepreneurship. Howell also emphasizes the government's pivotal role in supporting innovation through R&D grants, evaluating historical contexts and policy suggestions for future growth.