In this engaging discussion, Robert May, a Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and Linguistics at UC Davis, delves into Frege's groundbreaking ideas on identity. He unpacks how Frege seeks to reduce arithmetic to logic, exploring the intricate relationship between statements like 'A equals A' versus 'A equals B.' The conversation highlights Frege's distinctions between sense and reference, and how individual cognitive processes shape our understanding of truth. May emphasizes the overarching significance of identity in philosophy, touching upon its implications across logic, language, and metaphysics.