Rishabh Jain, who leads the Technology Futures programme at the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), joins the conversation to dissect critical minerals. He explains their strategic importance amid global tensions, particularly regarding China’s control over processing. Jain discusses India’s critical mineral inventory, the role of electric vehicles in reducing emissions, and the hurdles in battery manufacturing. He emphasizes the urgent need for recycling initiatives and policies to support local production as India navigates its clean energy transition.