Young whippersnappers Oks and Williams discuss African fertility transition, mass employment vs. productivity growth, distinct development strategies for commodity exporting, and the evolving pace of South and Southeast Asian economic development. Brad DeLong reflects on aging perspectives, and the importance of updating views based on current realities rather than past memories. The conversation navigates economic development insights, critique of global strategies, and the challenges faced by regions like Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa in finding flexible development paths.