In this insightful discussion, Nimish Vakil, a clinical professor and gastroenterologist from the University of Wisconsin, delves into the complexities of peptic ulcer disease. He outlines how H. pylori and NSAIDs are principal culprits, shedding light on recommended treatment regimens. Vakil clarifies misconceptions about diet and stress, noting their impact on symptoms but not on causing ulcers. He also addresses a troubling rise in non-H pylori cases among younger adults, emphasizing the need for targeted research and management.