In this discussion, Nathalie Balaban, a Professor at the Hebrew University and an expert in antibiotic resistance, delves into the alarming mechanisms behind bacterial resistance. She explains how bacteria can enter a dormant state, allowing them to evade antibiotics and potentially develop multi-drug resistance. The conversation highlights the importance of understanding these dynamics for improving clinical treatments, advocating for personalized drug combinations, and enhancing immune engagement in therapies to combat this pressing medical challenge.