Katie Pace Miles, a researcher and co-author of "Making Words Stick," teams up with Molly Ness, another co-author and education expert, to dive into orthographic mapping. They discuss how mapping aids reading fluency and comprehension, differentiating it from mere memorization. Their four-step protocol enhances vocabulary retention, emphasizing the trifecta of phonology, orthography, and meaning. They also address tailored literacy instruction, exploring strategies for diverse reading abilities and the pivotal role of function words in language comprehension.