Michael Puett, a Harvard scholar known for teaching ancient Chinese philosophy, discusses transformative ideas from Confucianism and Daoism. He delves into how rituals can enhance personal freedom and redefine authenticity, challenging Western individualism. The conversation touches on the evolution of mindfulness in America, critiquing its shift from self-transcendence to complacency. Puett also explores the balance of individualism and collectivism in Chinese culture, emphasizing empathy and societal responsibility in personal identity.