Dr. Matthew Hamill, a researcher from Johns Hopkins University specializing in neurosyphilis, shares his insights on the increasing syphilis rates in the U.S. He discusses the challenges of diagnosing neurosyphilis, particularly the need for lumbar punctures and reliable biomarkers. The conversation highlights innovative treatment strategies, including using intravenous penicillin G and doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis. Hamill also covers the complexities of managing patients with concurrent HIV and syphilis, emphasizing the need for further research in this critical area.