Nadav Eyal and Matt Waxman discuss the ICJ's order for Israel to cease military operations in Rafah, ICC's consideration of arrest warrants for Israeli leaders, and European countries recognizing a Palestinian state. They analyze the implications on Israel's diplomatic challenges and international relations, highlighting the complexities of ICC vs. ICJ roles and the difficulties in holding democratically elected leaders accountable.

Brian Finucane, an expert on war powers, and Matt Waxman, a national security law scholar, delve into the complexities of U.S. military authority. They discuss the Biden administration's justifications for military actions in the Middle East without new congressional approval. The pair highlights the historical context of these actions, the ongoing tension between executive and legislative powers, and the urgent need for congressional reform to clarify war powers. Additionally, they explore the implications of this dynamic for future military engagements.

Matt Waxman, Professor of Law at Columbia Law School, discusses the laws of war, proportionality in Israel's response, and the complexities of urban warfare in the ongoing conflict with Hamas. He highlights the challenges of distinguishing between military and civilian targets, the higher standards imposed on Israel, and the need to educate society on the actual meaning of the law to counter violators like Hamas.