Martin Jay, author of Immanent Critiques: The Frankfurt School Under Pressure, explores the continuing relevance of the Frankfurt School in the 21st century. He critically examines various ideas within the school, such as the pathologization of political deviance, the theological premises of Walter Benjamin's work, and the analysis of anti-Semitism and Zionism. The podcast also delves into the complexities of understanding authoritarianism, the support for authoritarian populism, and Walter Benjamin's integration of theology into historical materialism.