Naomi Schaefer Riley, a family policy expert, argues for increased intervention by child protective services (CPS) to safeguard vulnerable children, highlighting cases of child fatalities and the shortcomings of current practices. In contrast, Martin Guggenheim, a clinical law professor, advocates against expanding CPS interventions, emphasizing systemic issues and racial biases in child welfare. The debate navigates the complexities of neglect, poverty, and the necessity of reforming existing structures rather than merely increasing removals.