In this discussion, pediatric neurology expert Kathleen Cardinale dives into the complexities of childhood-onset leukodystrophies. She breaks down various forms, like lysosomal storage disorders, focusing on metachromatic leukodystrophy and Tay-Sachs disease, their genetic causes, and clinical symptoms. The conversation highlights the importance of early diagnosis and distinct MRI patterns in these conditions. Cardinale also touches on potential treatments, including stem cell therapy, providing learners with vital insights into these rare neurological disorders.