Justinian, one of the defining figures of the Roman Empire, marks the boundary between Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Topics include his ambitious reform program, reconquest of lost provinces, military conquests, building projects, codification of Roman law, challenges faced during his reign, his rise to power, marriage to Theodora, renewal and restoration through Renovatio, holding conquered provinces, Gothic administration in Italy, and the reconquest of the Western Empire.

Justinian, the last great Roman emperor, discusses the natural disasters that marked the end of the Roman Empire. Topics include volcanic eruptions, changing climate, and a devastating plague. The impact of these disasters on society and the resilience of civilizations are explored.