Judy Kaplan, a historian of the human sciences and Curatorial Fellow at the Science History Institute, dives into the fascinating world of mid-20th century American linguistics. She discusses the clash between structuralism and generative grammar, revealing how key scholars shaped the field. The conversation also explores the evolution of language universals, touching on pivotal conferences and the Cold War's impact on linguistic research funding. Kaplan highlights the balance between linguistic diversity and universal principles, making for an engaging and insightful discussion.