Dr. Joseph Stuart, expert in European Enlightenments, joins Dr. John Pinheiro to discuss misconceptions surrounding the Enlightenment, strategies used by Christians to engage with it, the Catholic Enlightenment in Italy, and the unintended consequences of integral Catholic states. They examine the practical Enlightenment in America through Benjamin Franklin, the experiences of women in the Italian Enlightenment, the persecution of Catholics during the French Revolution, the contrasting beliefs of Voltaire and nuns, and the importance of embracing complexity and learning from history.