In this discussion, Israel Shahak, a prominent scholar of Jewish history and a Holocaust survivor, delves deep into his work, 'Jewish History, Jewish Religion.' The conversation covers the intricate dynamics of Jewish identity and its influence on Israeli politics, scrutinizing the implications of Jewish religious laws. Shahak critiques exclusionary ideologies surrounding land ownership and citizenship in Israel, while also exploring tensions between Orthodox practices and modern ethics. The episode raises pressing questions about inclusivity, societal relations, and historical narratives.