Steven Bramwell, a Professor of Physics at University College London, and Isobel Falconer, a Reader in the History of Mathematics at the University of St Andrews, dive into the intriguing evolution of kinetic theory. They discuss the historic clash between static particle theories and the revolutionary ideas brought by Maxwell and Boltzmann. The conversation reveals how understanding gas behavior set the stage for modern physics, and they explore the fascinating implications of these theories on atomic existence, entropy, and even the philosophical debates surrounding them.