Dr. Hugh Thomas, an archaeologist passionate about ancient mortuary practices, delves into the enigmas of Saudi Arabia's deserts. He discusses monumental structures called mustatils and their potential ritualistic purposes dating back thousands of years. The conversation uncovers fascinating discoveries about Neolithic cattle domestication, burial rituals, and ancient rock art. Thomas also sheds light on the use of innovative techniques like proteomics in archaeology, revealing the shifting connections between ancient societies and their landscapes.