Helen Graham

Helen Graham, a Professor of Modern European History and expert on the Spanish Civil War, dives into the complex origins of Spain's 1936 civil war. She discusses the impact of previous dictatorships and how World War I reshaped Spain’s politics and society. The conversation reveals how international intervention transformed a coup attempt into a brutal conflict, the significance of the Republican defense of Madrid, and the legacy of Franco’s regime. Graham also highlights the war's role as a precursor to World War II, showcasing its profound consequences on European history.