Mark Rosenzweig, a Yale economist known for his insights on global farming, joins Christopher Udry, who focuses on sub-Saharan rural economies, and Gérardine Mukeshimana, former Minister of Agriculture in Rwanda. They delve into the challenges faced by smallholder farmers in Africa, discussing low productivity and land tenure issues. The trio examines the balance between small and large farms, emphasizing innovation and targeted policies to enhance agricultural efficiency. They advocate for integrating small farms into value chains while addressing climate change and inequality.