Ethan Kaplan, an economist from the University of Maryland whose research focuses on the impacts of policy interventions like school desegregation, discusses a groundbreaking study on school busing in Louisville. He reveals how busing changed the political identities of students, making them more likely to align with the Democratic Party and support unions. Kaplan also explores the complex relationship between educational policies, personal growth through discomfort, and long-term political attitudes shaped by formative experiences in diverse settings.