Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH, is a vital member of the US Preventive Services Task Force, coauthoring new recommendations on iron deficiency during pregnancy. In this insightful conversation, Davis discusses the critical role of iron in maternal and fetal health, particularly emphasizing its importance in oxygen transport. She highlights the gaps in research around screening and supplementation, advocating for rigorous studies to improve outcomes for both mothers and infants. Health equity and tailored approaches for high-risk groups are crucial themes in the discussion.