In this engaging discussion, Elsa Chang, host of All Things Considered, explores the groundbreaking discovery of a 161-million-year-old tadpole fossil, the oldest known to science. This fossil sheds light on the evolutionary journey of frogs, featuring a preserved gill skeleton that adds depth to our understanding of amphibian development. The conversation also touches on intriguing links between evolutionary biology and recent mathematical advancements, offering listeners a delightful mix of science and history.