In this engaging conversation, Dr. Justin Ichida, an assistant professor at the University of Southern California, shares his pioneering work on direct reprogramming to study neurodegenerative diseases. He dives into innovative techniques for converting skin cells into neurons, aiming to unravel the mysteries of ALS and frontotemporal dementia. The discussion also covers intriguing advancements in biotechnologies, including the ethical implications of cloning and the significance of patient-specific models in understanding neuronal loss.