Melanie Mitchell is a professor of computer science at Portland State University and an external professor at Santa Fe Institute. She has worked on and written about artificial intelligence from fascinating perspectives including adaptive complex systems, genetic algorithms, and the Copycat cognitive architecture which places the process of analogy making at the core of human cognition. From her doctoral work with her advisors Douglas Hofstadter and John Holland to today, she has contributed a lot of important ideas to the field of AI, including her recent book, simply called Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans. This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast. If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (App Store, Google Play), use code “LexPodcast”.  Episode Links: AI: A Guide for Thinking Humans (book) Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. 00:00 – Introduction 02:33 – The term “artificial intelligence” 06:30 – Line between weak and strong AI 12:46 – Why have people dreamed of creating AI? 15:24 – Complex systems and intelligence 18:38 – Why are we bad at predicting the future with regard to AI? 22:05 – Are fundamental breakthroughs in AI needed? 25:13 – Different AI communities 31:28 – Copycat cognitive architecture 36:51 – Concepts and analogies 55:33 – Deep learning and the formation of concepts 1:09:07 – Autonomous vehicles 1:20:21 – Embodied AI and emotion 1:25:01 – Fear of superintelligent AI 1:36:14 – Good test for intelligence 1:38:09 – What is complexity? 1:43:09 – Santa Fe Institute 1:47:34 – Douglas Hofstadter 1:49:42 – Proudest moment

Douglas Hofstadter, renowned for his groundbreaking work 'Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid', joins the conversation to explore profound concepts of strange loops and their connection to human consciousness. He delves into Gödel's incompleteness theorem, tracing its far-reaching effects on mathematics and computer science. The discussion also highlights the philosophical implications linking syntax and semantics, and how these ideas resonate with artificial intelligence. Hofstadter invites listeners to reflect on truth, meaning, and the intertwining of art and philosophy.