Professor Carl Bridge, an academic from Kings College London specializing in historical analysis, delves into the motivations behind Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. He discusses the miscommunications and tensions that led to this pivotal moment in World War II. The conversation highlights strategic failures on both sides, the initial shock felt by Americans, and how this incident ultimately awakened the U.S.'s industrial prowess. Furthermore, Bridge explores the transformation of the U.S.-Japan relationship post-war, from enemies to allies.