Benoit H. Mulsant, MD, MS, and Tarek K. Rajji, MD, both from the Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, dive into groundbreaking research on cognitive decline linked to major depressive disorder and mild cognitive impairment. They discuss innovative treatments, like transcranial direct current stimulation, and the significance of combining cognitive remediation with emerging therapies. Key findings reveal how these interventions promote neuroplasticity and enhance cognitive function. The conversation also touches on the role of genetics in Alzheimer’s and the pressing need for preventive strategies in vulnerable populations.