Barry Loewer, a distinguished philosopher at Rutgers University and co-founder of DeepMind, delves into the fascinating interplay between physics and philosophy. He explores the historical challenges of linking thermodynamics to microscopic behavior and discusses his theory of the Mentaculus, mapping probabilities across time. Loewer unpacks counterfactuals and causation, addressing their philosophical implications, while questioning the nature of physical laws and the relationship between entropy and time. Their conversation ultimately bridges profound scientific concepts with deep philosophical inquiries.