Michael Brenner, a professor at American University and author, Derek Penslar, a Harvard Jewish history professor, and Anita Shapira, a Holocaust survivor and retired professor, dive into the origins of Zionism. They discuss the pivotal 1897 Basel Congress and Theodor Herzl's vision for a Jewish homeland amid rising anti-Semitism. The complexity of Zionism is explored, highlighting its emotional resonance and historical interpretations. The guests also reflect on diverse Jewish responses to the movement and its implications for Arab communities.