Matthias Doepke, a family economics expert, Catherine Pakaluk, who specializes in fertility and education, and Amy Froide, a historian of women's economic history, tackle the intriguing decline in global birth rates. They discuss cultural shifts affecting family formation and the pressures women face in parenting. The trio examines how historical population predictions have failed and what this means for future economic trends. They also address how rising child-rearing costs impact fertility decisions, advocating for a more nuanced understanding of family economics.