AMPK: Biochemistry of Nutrient Sensing, Fasting, Cell Repair & Growth | Greg Steinberg

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The AMP kinase pathway's role in cellular energy sensing, nutrient allocation, and its connections to health practices like fasting, exercise, and diet.

TOPICS DISCUSSED:

• Cellular energy basics: ATP/ADP/AMP as energy currencies; AMP kinase activates on low ATP to conserve and redirect resources, like a budget manager.
• AMP kinase mechanics: Heterotrimeric enzyme phosphorylating 100+ substrates; localizes dynamically in cytosol, mitochondria, nucleus to integrate signals.
• Nutrient detection: Senses fatty acids in fasting/ketogenic states, boosting fat oxidation and mitochondria independent of energy drops.
• Fasting/exercise impacts: Elevate AMP kinase for mitophagy, better fuel switching; mimic historical scarcity absent under modern constant feeding.
• mTOR relationship: AMP kinase inhibits mTOR to stop growth in low energy states; feedback loop disrupted by abundance, promoting tissue buildup.
• Disease links: Low AMP kinase in obesity/diabetes reduces flexibility; activation prevents cancer but may aid tumor survival in therapy.
• Drugs/diets: Metformin and GLP-1s like Ozempic activate AMP kinase for glucose control/weight loss; ketogenic diets activate at intermediate levels for fat efficiency.

ABOUT THE GUEST: Gregory Steinberg, PhD is a Professor of Medicine at McMaster University and co-directs the Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, focusing on cellular energy sensors like AMP kinase.

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