In this intriguing discussion, Rachel Cusick, a co-reporter, dives into her investigation of Einstein's brain, which was taken against his wishes. Stephen Levy shares his experiences uncovering its whereabouts, while Thomas Harvey, the pathologist, recounts the ethical dilemmas of preserving Einstein's brain. Katrina Haslip offers a unique perspective on resilience in the face of AIDS activism within women's prisons. Together, they explore the complex legacy of Einstein’s intellect, the science behind genius, and the human stories intertwined with it.
The neglect of women with HIV in the 1990s highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing gender-specific symptoms and providing suitable medical support.
Einstein's groundbreaking ideas were influenced by external factors such as technological advancements and his interest in science fiction, emphasizing the role of context in shaping intellectual pursuits.
Although studies have uncovered certain anatomical peculiarities in Einstein's brain, the full understanding of his genius remains elusive as neuroscience continues to unveil the complexities of the brain.
Deep dives
The Inequality Faced by Women with HIV
In the 1990s, many women with HIV faced neglect and limited medical help due to the official symptoms of AIDS being based only on male patients. The symptoms experienced by women, such as cervical cancer and yeast infections, were discounted. This led to a group of women in a maximum security prison in New York organizing to advocate for themselves and others. They aimed to draw attention to the omission of women's symptoms and fight for better recognition and support.
The Controversial Journey of Einstein's Brain
After Einstein's death in 1955, his pathologist, Dr. Thomas Harvey, took the opportunity to preserve and study his brain without obtaining permission from the family. This decision caused much uproar when it came to light in the newspaper. Eventually, Harvey apologized and dedicated himself to scientific research on the brain. After conducting studies and co-authoring papers, he returned the brain to Princeton Hospital for future care.
The Contextual Influences on Einstein's Ideas
Einstein's groundbreaking ideas, such as special relativity, were not solely products of his individual genius, but were influenced by various external factors. The technological advancements and societal developments of the time played a significant role in shaping his thinking. For example, the rise of electric trams, coordinated timekeeping, and the invention of new devices all contributed to his exploration of questions about the nature of time and led him to imagine thought experiments related to light beams. Additionally, Einstein's interest in science fiction stories, which included elements of time travel, further stimulated his contemplation of the relativity of time.
The Quest to Study Einstein's Brain
Despite initial promises to honor Einstein's wish for his brain not to become a spectacle, Tom Harvey becomes fascinated with the idea of studying it to unlock the secrets of human genius. He takes on the task of studying the brain himself, documenting its measurements and creating microscope slides. However, his efforts to collaborate with expert neuropathologists yield no substantial results due to limited knowledge of the brain at the time. Harvey's life falls apart, leading to his disappearance until a young reporter's inquiry in 1978 brings attention to the brain. This sparks renewed interest in studying Einstein's brain and eventually leads to research uncovering potential anatomical differences that might contribute to his genius.
Insights from Brain Studies
Several researchers have examined Einstein's brain to understand the biological basis of his genius. Marion Diamond discovers that Einstein had a higher than average number of glial cells in his brain, suggesting a possible link to enhanced brain function. Britt Anderson finds that the neurons in Einstein's prefrontal cortex were packed more tightly, potentially indicating faster and more efficient cognitive abilities. Sandra Witelson analyzes Einstein's parietal lobes and discovers anatomical uniqueness in the shorter Silvian fissure, possibly leading to enhanced visual spatial awareness and problem-solving skills. While these findings offer some insights, the full understanding of Einstein's genius remains elusive as neuroscience continues to unravel the complexities of the brain.
Albert Einstein asked that when he died, his body be cremated and his ashes be scattered in a secret location. He didn’t want his grave, or his body, becoming a shrine to his genius. When he passed away in the early morning hours of April, 18, 1955, his family knew his wishes. There was only one problem: the pathologist who did the autopsy had different plans.
In the third episode of “G”, Radiolab’s miniseries on intelligence, first aired back in 2019 we go on one of the strangest scavenger hunts for genius the world has ever seen. We follow Einstein’s stolen brain from that Princeton autopsy table, to a cider box in Wichita, Kansas, to labs all across the country. And eventually, beyond the brain itself entirely. All the while wondering, where exactly is the genius of a man who changed the way we view the world?
Special thanks to: Elanor Taylor, Claudia Kalb, Dustin O’Halloran, Deborah Lee and Tim Huson.
If you want to listen to more of BLINDSPOT: THE PLAGUE IN THE SHADOWS, SUBSCRIBE HERE (https://link.chtbl.com/blindspotpodcast?sid=radiolab). New episodes come out on Thursdays.
Leadership support for Radiolab’s science programming is provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation Initiative, and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
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