146 Going a Step Beyond DNA Testing to Solve Your Health Mystery with Kashif Khan

The Case:  

• Helen has 2 different autoimmune diseases and hypothyroidism and rarely feels good. 
• She was experiencing fatigue, brain fog, body aches, and depression. 
• She wasn’t sure if the depression was a symptom or something caused by her struggles.

The Investigation
When I met Helen, I saw that there were many areas where we could start to intervene. I knew we had to look at her DNA blueprint if we were going to solve this health mystery. There are a lot of different ways that our DNA can inform us about our health but Kashif Khan has a unique approach. I knew he’d be the right person to talk to about Helen’s case.
 Thought Leader in Functional Genetics
Kashif  Khan is the author of The DNA Way, a two-time TEDx Speaker and the Founder of The DNA Company, where personalized medicine is being pioneered through unique insights into the human genome. He is also the host of the Unpilled podcast. He knows firsthand the power of understanding your DNA blueprint because he was able to heal his own issues through functional genetics. 
Understanding the Story Our Genes Are Really Telling Us 
So many people plagued with health issues blame their genes. What most don’t realize is that our genetic makeup does not completely determine our health. Genes can turn on and off, we can provide detours that will get us to better health outcomes. In my conversation with Kashif, he explains that often, people look at DNA testing as a way to determine the likelihood that they will experience disease. For example, one DNA test might tell you that you have an 80% chance of breast cancer. Kashif feels like the model of DNA testing is broken because the body doesn’t work that way. 
He suggests a more comprehensive approach that requires us to understand the genome properly. We can move from ‘this gene equals this problem’ to ‘this gene informs us how your body functions and the most supportive nutrition and lifestyle choices.’ It’s a much more functional approach to genetics and addresses disease, chronic conditions, and overall health which I really appreciate because it’s so empowering.
Functional Genetics and Autoimmunity (Hashimoto’s) 
Helen has 2 autoimmune diseases and has hypothyroidism so I was curious to hear what Kashif had to say about the role that gene expression plays in autoimmune disease. He explained there is a race to identify the autoimmune gene, but the body doesn't work in such a straightforward manner. It's becoming evident, he says, that the underlying system's failure (rather than a single gene) is what leads to autoimmune conditions. 
He shares a powerful example relating to hormone toxicity in women. There is a hormone cascade that involves the production, conversion, and clearance of hormones. If a woman is estrogen dominant and lacks proper detox pathways, exposure to hormone disruptors in the environment or additional estrogen from birth control or hormone therapy can lead to chronic inflammation and eventually manifest as an autoimmune condition or other health issues. The outcome varies among individuals based on their specific hardware failures. This example highlights that, while there may not be a direct gene that causes autoimmunity, understanding the pathways and habits can empower individuals to make informed choices and take preventive measures from a young age.
In other words, gene expression plays a role in autoimmunity but is not 100% of the picture. 
Can Your DNA Impact Gut Health? 
When examining our DNA and its relationship with the gut, there are important insights to consider, says Kashif. One significant finding is the impact of specific dietary choices. For example, the growing popularity of veganism has led many individuals to adopt this lifestyle. However, it is crucial to recognize that not everyone possesses the genetic makeup necessary to break down certain plant-based proteins found in beans, lentils, legumes, and chickpeas. Over time, those lacking the required enzyme may experience symptoms resembling an autoimmune condition due to the strain placed on their gut by consuming these protein sources as their primary protein intake. This example illustrates the importance of aligning dietary choices with individual genetic predispositions. The same caution goes out to those following a Keto or carnivore diet - they may initially feel great but after a few weeks, they discover health issues simply because they are not genetically aligned with their diet. 
This is why it’s so powerful to get a map of your genetic makeup because even “healthy eaters” may discover that their misaligned diet plan is the root cause of their health concerns. 
Can Our Genes Cause Brain Fog? 
Our genetics play a significant role in our brain health and overall cognitive function. Kashif says individuals may experience symptoms in varying ways due to their unique genetic makeup. For example, some individuals may be more prone to brain fog or joint pain, while others may have different manifestations. 
Mitochondrial health is crucial for brain function, as the brain has the second highest density of mitochondria in the body. Some people may have genetic factors that affect mitochondrial function, making them more susceptible to brain-related symptoms and difficulties. Another genetic factor is a gene called BDNF, which influences neuroplasticity, brain repair, and neurogenesis. Individuals who struggle with efficient neuroplasticity and brain repair may experience greater challenges in handling cognitive loads, with symptoms such as brain fog setting in more quickly and taking longer to recover from. 
Perception is also influenced by genetics, explains Kashif. Individuals may have different neurochemical maps that affect risk aversion, reward-seeking behavior, procrastination, or susceptibility to burnout. On the other hand, some individuals may have fewer dopamine receptors, leading to increased seeking behavior, while others may experience difficulties in experiencing dopamine at appropriate levels. 
Is Autism Genetic? 
Considering the role of gene expression in the brain, it made me curious about autism. In the functional medicine world, there are so many thoughts about contributing factors. From exposure to heavy metals to gut microbes, to obesity, autoimmunity and the gut-brain connection. 
Kashif has worked with autistic children and says it’s important, when talking about the cause and support of autism, to distinguish between innate autism (a child is born with the condition), and acquired autism (external factors contribute to its development). He says the allopathic medical perspective tends to view all autism as innate, while the functional medicine approach attributes it to outside exposure. Both perspectives have validity, but they do not account for the entire spectrum of autism. 
He further explains that the first step is to determine which category the child falls into. If it is innate, the focus is on improving brain function and addressing behavioral development issues, as it is not reversible. Functional interventions can still help the child thrive, but the underlying condition remains. Research is ongoing to identify the switch that triggers autism, but it is yet to be discovered. However, a significant portion of autism cases fall into the second category, where a child was initially fine but experienced a change after a specific event. In these cases, inflammation caused by that event or events can lead to brain inflammation and altered development. Understanding the child's unique genetic makeup is essential to determine the appropriate approach. By focusing on the "why" rather than just the condition itself, individualized...