A fungus-driven robot, counting snow crabs, and a book on climate capitalism
Aug 29, 2024
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Join Erik Stokstad, a conservation news expert, as he tackles the alarming decline of snow crabs due to climate change and fishing stock overestimation. Discover the ecological chaos caused by invasive brown tree snakes in Guam. Then, Anand Mishra, a Cornell engineering researcher, unveils his groundbreaking work on biohybrid robots powered by mushroom cells. Lastly, explore Akshat Rathi's optimistic take on capitalism as a solution to climate change, highlighting strategies that could lead us to zero emissions.
The decline of the snow crab fishery due to climate change highlights the need for better monitoring of overestimated fish stock populations.
Integrating living fungal cells into robotic systems shows potential for creating adaptive robots that respond dynamically to environmental stimuli.
Deep dives
Impact of Climate Change on Snow Crabs
The collapse of the snow crab fishery in 2021, which was valued at around $200 million, highlights the significant effects of climate change on marine ecosystems. Researchers are studying how warming waters and changes in seasonal sea ice are impacting the food web essential for the survival of snow crabs. They found that increased temperatures raised the crabs' metabolism, making them hungrier, while simultaneously decreasing the availability of their food sources due to reduced algal blooms and phytoplankton. Although recent surveys show a slow recovery of juvenile crab populations, the fishery remains closed to allow for full regeneration.
Challenges in Predicting Global Fish Stocks
Recent studies suggest that current models predicting the abundance of global fish stocks have been overestimating populations, which threatens sustainable fishing practices. Accurate assessments require extensive data collection and modeling, but discrepancies have led to what researchers term 'phantom recovery,' where stock assessments appear to indicate recovery even when populations remain critically low. Compounding the issue, nearly 29% of fish stocks considered sustainably fished may actually be overfished, emphasizing the need for improved monitoring and methods for estimating fish populations. As fisheries worldwide differ in data availability, future assessments may benefit from simplified models tailored to specific regions.
Invasive Brown Tree Snakes in Guam
The invasive brown tree snakes in Guam pose a significant threat to local bird populations, as they not only feed on birds but have also been observed killing more birds than they can consume. Researchers tracked over 400 birds and noted that a portion of them showed signs of predation, with evidence leading to the conclusion that these snakes are highly detrimental to the avian ecosystem. Various control methods have been tested, including night walks with headlamps and the use of bait laced with Tylenol to reduce snake populations. A new initiative aims to eliminate tree snakes from certain areas to give native bird populations a chance to recover, emphasizing the importance of direct intervention.
Innovations in Robot Control Using Fungal Cells
Research exploring the integration of living fungal cells, specifically mycelium from oyster mushrooms, into robotic systems is paving the way for biohybrid technology. The mycelium demonstrates rhythmic electrical signaling similar to that of nerve cells, allowing it to act as a dynamic sensor for robots, enhancing their ability to respond to environmental changes. In experiments, when exposed to stimuli like UV light, the robots could alter their movement based on the mycelium's signals, showcasing potential for advanced, adaptable robotic systems. This research could lead to more sophisticated robots capable of navigating complex and changing environments by leveraging the unique properties of living organisms.
First up this week on the podcast, the latest conservation news with Staff Writer Erik Stokstad. Stokstad and host Sarah Crespi talk about the fate of snow crabs in the Bering Sea, how much we have been overestimating fishing stocks worldwide, and invasive snakes in Guam that bite off more than they can chew.
Next, a fungus takes the wheel. Anand Mishra, a research associate in the department of mechanical and aerospace engineering at Cornell University, discusses a method of integrating electronics with fungal cells in a biohybrid robot. By using the hardy cells from a mushroom instead of the delicate cells of an animal, Mishra and colleagues hope to durably introduce the sensing and signaling capacity of these living organisms into robots.