Dans "The Big Myth", Naomi Oreskes et Erik Conway déconstruisent le "fondamentalisme du marché", une idéologie quasi-religieuse qui croit en la capacité du marché à résoudre tous les problèmes sociétaux. L'ouvrage explore les origines historiques de cette croyance et son impact sur les défis environnementaux. Les auteurs analysent comment cette idéologie a pris racine et s'est maintenue malgré les preuves de ses limites. Ils mettent en lumière les conséquences néfastes de cette vision du monde sur les politiques publiques et la gestion des crises. Le livre propose une analyse critique des fondements de cette idéologie et appelle à une réflexion sur les alternatives possibles.
The Entrepreneurial State challenges the conventional wisdom that innovation is best left to the private sector. Mariana Mazzucato argues that the public sector has been the primary risk-taker in many significant technological innovations, from the Internet and GPS to touch-screen displays and voice recognition. She provides case studies to show how government investments have driven economic growth and suggests policies to ensure that both the public and private sectors share the risks and rewards of innovation. The book emphasizes the state's role in shaping and creating markets, rather than just fixing market failures.
Publié en 1944, cet ouvrage est un manifeste libéral qui met en garde contre les dangers du socialisme et de la planification économique, arguant qu'ils peuvent conduire au totalitarisme. Hayek soutient qu'il n'y a pas de différence de nature entre le hitlérisme et le stalinisme, et que toutes ces idéologies menacent les libertés individuelles et publiques. Le livre est divisé en plusieurs chapitres qui analysent les régimes totalitaires et plaident en faveur des régimes libéraux.
In 'Merchants of Doubt', historians Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway expose how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. The book highlights how the same individuals repeatedly denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole, all while promoting an ideology of free market fundamentalism aided by a compliant media.
This is a conversation with Naomi Oreskes, Professor of History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University.
Originally trained as a geologist, she became a historian of science, and has particularly focused on how certain ideas become established in public debate despite their lack of scientific foundation. She became widely known to the public with her book "Merchants of Doubt," published in 2010.
In her latest work "The Big Myth," co-written with Erik Conway, she dissects the origins and construction of what she calls "market fundamentalism" - this quasi-religious belief in the market's ability to solve all societal problems.
How has this ideology become so entrenched that it has become a major obstacle in addressing environmental challenges? Why does it continue to exert such influence despite growing evidence of its limitations, especially in the face of the climate crisis?
We discuss these questions and many others in this insightful conversation that invites us to reflect on how certain ideas, even when refuted by facts, can continue to shape our societies and our responses to major contemporary challenges.
Interview recorded on 05/12/2024
Credit photo: Kayana Szymczak
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