
The History of England 449 King James II of Great Britain
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Jul 11, 2026 A survey of competing interpretations of the 1688 upheaval and whether it was revolution, settlement, or elite coup. Debates about James II’s motives, character, Catholic faith and claims to royal power. Newer angles on religion across three kingdoms, popular petitions, and links between the events and property, commerce and long-term political settlement.
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Historiography Shifted From Glorious To Elite Coup
- Historiography swung between Whig consensus and Marxist/revisionist critiques that saw 1688 as an elite power play, not a popular revolution.
- Crowther traces Macaulay, Trevelyan, Christopher Hill and later revisionists who emphasised class and elite interests.
Three Kingdoms And Religion Reframe 1688
- Recent scholarship re-centres religion, popular opinion, and the three-kingdoms perspective, challenging the 'English-only' view.
- Crowther notes historians like Tim Harris and Stephen Pincus highlight petitions, protests, and Scottish/Irish particularities.
Constitutional Change Boosted Commercial Growth
- Some scholars argue the Revolution guaranteed property rights and commercial growth, fueling British enterprise.
- Crowther highlights Pincus and North & Weingast linking constitutional changes to economic incentives and investment.

